A Longitudinal Examination Of Child Abuse, Anxiety, And...

A Longitudinal Examination of: Child Abuse, Anxiety, and Academic Performance Joaquin Gonzalez Humboldt State University Abstract Child abuse is a problem for students’ potential of going to college. Child abuse can create anxiety and academic problems, but it is unclear if such problems can extend to high school students’ future academic careers. A cohort of teenagers will be assessed for child abuse involved before the age of 14 and then followed through young adulthood in an assessment of: abuse in childhood, anxiety, and academic performance. Child survivors of abuse have higher levels of anxiety and are expected to have lower academic fulfillment, it is predicted in this proposed study that they will be less likely to†¦show more content†¦Teens’ academic performance could perhaps be at risk due to anxiety disorders obtained from child abuse. Teens that had high levels of anxiety had poorer self-concepts; fewer achievements and less aptitude in academia, than those who had low levels of anxiety (Kiselica, Baker, Thomas, Reedy, 1994). Parent-child relationships have a maj or influence on a child’s performance in school. It’s probable that children who have negative relationships with their parents, especially those subjected to abuse, are likely to miss out on learning opportunities (Brendgen et al., 2007). Teenagers who had anxiety disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and GAD due to childhood abuse, typically had trouble sleeping, irritability, headaches which subjected them to receiving lower test scores and lower grade point averages, (Hardaway, Larkby, Cornelius, 2014) thus less likely to be admitted to a college. Child Abuse A child abuse survivor possesses a higher risk of forming symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as reoccurring thoughts and fear of authority figures such as teachers or parents (Kim, Trickett, Putnam, 2011), as a result this maladaptive behavior could lead to a decline of academic performance later in a child’s high school/college career. Child abuse for the purposes of this study is defined as bodily or mental maltreatment of a person under the age of

Chlamydia And Rates Of Diagnosis Essay - 1312 Words

Literature Review Chlamydia Disease and Rates of Diagnosis Chlamydia is the most common reported STD in the United States. Adolescent are one of the largest groups diagnosed with chlamydia each year. The literature has shown that females are diagnosed with chlamydia at higher rates than boys. The percentage of females age 15 to 19 rates of reported cases of chlamydia are 2941.0 per 100,000 population and males age 15 to 19 reported cases of chlamydia are 718.3 per 100,000 population (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2015). Lack of Knowledge The literature has documented that adolescents lack knowledge and understanding of chlamydia disease, signs and symptoms, and lack knowledge that chlamydia can be asymptomatic. The literature has documented that male’s knowledge about symptoms of chlamydia are lower than females. According to Lorimar Hart 2010 adolescent have awareness of chlamydia, knowledge decreased as questions became increasingly focused on the disease signs and symptoms so that around half of respondents were unaware of the asymptomatic nature of chlamydia infections. Men’s knowledge of symptoms was consistently lower than women’s, with most men failing to identify unusual discharge as a symptom in men (men 58.3%, female 45.8%, p = 0.019); fewer men knew unusual discharge was a symptom among women (men 65.3% female 21.4%, p 0.001). The literature has documented that adolescent that lack knowledge on chlamydia disease, do not understandShow MoreRelated Chlamydia Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages Chlamydia trachomatis is the most widespread and infamous bacterial infection affecting the genital tract. Not only is it quite common in developed countries but an increase in cases has sprung up in developing countries as well. In the United States, there is a 4 million per year case rate of chlamydia which costs the US approximately $2 billion dollars in consequences and treatments. Persons who suffer from chlamydia in underdeveloped countries and have no means of seeking treatment may becomeRead MoreChlamydia, And, Etiology And Management Of Chlamydia1203 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract: Chlamydia is a very common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. It can infect both men and women. Chlamydia is treatable but if left untreated it can cause permanent damage in female reproductive system and in males the damage is rare. Sexually active females and males should be tested every year. This article will review the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of Chlamydia. Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacteriaRead MoreChlamydia Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesChlamydia Research from the center of disease control and prevention consistently shows Chlamydia as one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. There is an estimated 4.5 million people reported each year with Chlamydia (Carol Turkiington and Bonnie Lee Ashby). Chlamydia is contracted from unprotected sex with an infected partner. Diagnosing and treating f Chlamydia is relatively easy with regular checkups to your physician. Chlamydia trachomatis, the sexually transmittedRead MoreChlamydia Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesChlamydia Sexually transmitted diseases infect millions of people a year. Some of the commonly known sexually transmitted diseases are herpes, syphillis, HIV, AIDS, genital warts, and gonorrhea. Some of these diseases are fatal, others can be cured with antibiotics. All of these are dangerous, but the most common sexually transmitted disease is a disease that isnt as well known. This disease is called chlamydia. Chlamydia is a disease that is infecting young adults allRead MoreChlamydia And Its Effect On The Health And Wellbeing Of Adolescents Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesBackground†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Picot Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Project Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Chlamydia Disease and Rates of Diagnosis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Lack of Knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Perceptions and Beliefs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Description of Program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Barriers and OvercomingRead MoreEssay On STI794 Words   |  4 Pagesin the UK are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital warts, bacterial vaginosis and syphilis. Cuts to sexual health services has cost the UK  £136 billion. Having an STI can cause a lot of problems not just health problems but they can have personal and social implications as well. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI diagnosed in the UK. About 70% of infected women and 50% of males will not have any obvious signs or symptoms that they have the infection. Having chlamydia can cause infertilityRead MoreChlamydia Is Among The Smallest Organisms Essay1945 Words   |  8 PagesChlamydia is among the smallest organisms. Under a microscope, they are seen as obligate intracellular parasites. One characteristic of Chlamydia is that they could not produce their own energy which makes them completely dependent on the energy of their hosts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001). Chlamydia undergoes two stages in its development, namely the elementary bodies and the reticulate bodies. 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For instance, if the Ro of chlamydia in a population is 2, it means that each new cases of chlamydia would produce 2 new secondary cases. The equation of Ro = ÃŽ ²cD means that Ro is affected by three factors, which are the transmissibility or probability of infection being transmittedRead MoreThe State Of The Nebraska Aids Project1449 Words   |  6 Pagestesting rates in Lincoln have tripled in the last year and only two people have tested positive for HIV in 2015 in Lincoln. Along with free HIV testing, NAP also offers ten dollar gonorrhea and chlamydia testing, though this fee is waived for people that cannot afford it. While this testing may not seem as important, gonorrhea and chlamydia are rampant in Nebraska, specifically in Omaha, which has the highest per capita ra tes of these infections in the United States. Having gonorrhea or chlamydia puts

Discussion on Bundled Payment in Health Care

Questions: 1. What is your first impression of the BCBS proposal? Is BCBS being unreasonable? Should the group consider it? Why, or why not? (9 pts.)2. If Dr. Open decides to meet with BCBS, are there particular provisions that he should insist be included in any new bundled payment contractual arrangement? If so, please explain what they should be and why you think they should be included. (9 pts.)3. What data do you think Dr. Open needs to gather before entering into further negotiations with BCBS? Why? (7 pts.) Answers 1. The bundled payment arrangement proposed to our group sets the cost of each knee replacement surgery, including the combined cost of a pre-surgical analysis, the surgery and post surgical care for a period of six months, on the basis of local rates (Ridgely et al., 2014). Furthermore, the payment proposal also demands that five percent of the total cost fee be withheld by the company and only be returned to the company at the yearend if the group succeeds in meeting the quality standard negotiated prior to agreement by the company ("Blue Cross Blue Shield", 2017). This proposal reduces the cost structure to a ghastly average price, which cuts down on our individual charging programs and deceases the profits drastically ("Blue Cross Blue Shield", 2017). My first impression of this proposal as a group member is skeptical bordering on disagreement. Although, Blue Cross Blue Shield or BCBS group of companies are considered as health insurance giants of United States, proudly insuring one out of three Americans, and we cannot promptly refuse their offer ("Blue Cross Blue Shield", 2017). The corporate social responsibility of the company is to provide supportive programs to members ensuring best health care experience at all times, which has captivated the public from the very beginning. Therefore, their affordable plans might pose a challenge to the health care industry itself, though the entire payment method will be attractive to the customers and they will be more drawn to our group at time of need . However, their additional clause of withholding 5% is clearly intimidating and unacceptable as it pushes our already modest earning by bundled payment. Agreeing to their first demand would be enough to hit financial stability of the group, their additional clause might just be last blow. We have to consider that we have gained a significant reputation in the genre of knee replacement surgery and have a quality bar to meet. The reduced fee structure will already wear down the performance bar of the surgeons and the care members, additional cost cuttings can seriously affect the quality standards of our group. In healthcare, there often are additional expenses that are out of our control and under this plan the physicians are often penalized for the lifestyle choices of the patients and unavoidable medical costs (Mechanic Tompkins, 2012). Despite all the negative points, we have to take their grasp at the market into account and showing complete disregard for their proposal will not be wise. We have to aim for modifying some of the clause of their proposal and attempt to find a middle ground. 2. The glowing reputation of our group in the market gives us opportunity to stand our ground and negotiate the best suitable option for both parties. It will clearly be impossible to heed to all their demands, as that will seriously affect the annual revenue generation and will demote our performance standards. As per my knowledge, the bundled payment mode of transaction is meant to ease out the complex and frequent transaction procedure and ensure that there are no complications delaying the treatment procedure, and it is a noble initiative we can consider but we need to proceed with caution (Hussey et al., 2012). Despite their suffocating demands, we have to consider that BCBS has customer base to behold and merging with them will take our regional success to much broader spectrum ("Blue Cross Blue Shield", 2017). We cannot let go of this excellent opportunity to expand our customer base, but the basic challenge will be trying to influence their uncompromising stand to the negotiated fee structure. My first suggestion is to increase the fee structure to substantial amount, so that we can incorporate their payment plan without compromising on the quality standards. My second suggestion is to strongly oppose to their exclusionary clause of withholding 5% as a quality compensation as that will question our efficiency and productivity, and damage our reputation in the market. A substitution provision that we can put forth will include periodic quality and skill assessment programs that can assure them of our performance standard and infrastructure without burdening us with additional clauses (Rana Bozic, 2015). 3. A health insurance giant like BCBS will come with enough facts and figures in their arsenal to outsmart all attempts of ours undoubtedly ("Blue Cross Blue Shield", 2017). We have to prepare our own defense with unquestionable data if we want to succeed in making the most of this opportunity. The sky-high drug prices in America can be our first defense against their unrealistic demands, the lack of a national body, overlooking drug purchasing in America has caused a chaotic situation (Haberman, 2017). The drug prices are increasing in a rapid rate in our country and that will affect the treatment cost profoundly (Kliff, 2017). We need data that highlights this issue to support our argument so that the company realizes the cost hike is not much in our hands. Another important aspect should be our performance stats; if we want to convince them of our super specialty care standards, we need data to substantiate our claims. The success percentage of our surgeries and patient feedback will play an important role in establishing our credibility in front of them. The next set of data that we need in our arsenal can be the previous track records of our surgeons and care members, as that can persuade them to consider our growth potential in the health care industry. Lastly, there have been many fail cases of implementing bundled payment procedure, where the cost cuttings has drastically destroyed the quality standards, we need this data to negotiate best possible outcome out of this proposal so that our ambition to expand does not come in the way of our good work (Mehanic Tompkins, 2012). Reference List: Blue Cross Blue Shield. (2017). Bcbs.com. Retrieved 10 February 2017, from https://www.bcbs.com Haberman, C. (2017). Lives and Profits in the Balance: The High Stakes of Medical Patents. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 10 February 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/11/us/retro-report-medical-patents-profits.html Hussey, P. S., Mulcahy, A. W., Schnyer, C., Schneider, E. C. (2012). Closing the quality gap: revisiting the state of the science (vol. 1: bundled payment: effects on health care spending and quality). Kevin Drum - January 2016 | Mother Jones. (2017). Motherjones.com. Retrieved 10 February 2017, from https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/.../whats-real-reason-drug-prices-are-high Kliff, S. (2017). The true story of Americas sky-high prescription drug prices. Vox. Retrieved 10 February 2017, from https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2016/11/30/12945756/prescription-drug-prices-explained Mechanic, R., Tompkins, C. (2012). Lessons learned preparing for Medicare bundled payments.New England Journal of Medicine,367(20), 1873-1875. Rana, A. J., Bozic, K. J. (2015). Bundled payments in orthopaedics.Clinical orthopaedics and related research,473(2), 422. Ridgely, M. S., De Vries, D., Bozic, K. J., Hussey, P. S. (2014). Bundled payment fails to gain a foothold in California: The experience of the IHA bundled payment demonstration.Health Affairs,33(8), 1345-1352.